[31] One of the remaining marble interior columns was removed in 1613 by Pope Paul V and set up as an honorific column outside Santa Maria Maggiore. For the designation "basilica" in canon law, see, The title of minor basilicas was first attributed to the church of, Architecture of cathedrals and great churches, "The Institute for Sacred Architecture – Articles – The Eschatological Dimension of Church Architecture", "New Testament Archaeology Beyond the Gospels", "The Remains of London's Roman Basilica and Forum", "Opus reticulatum panels in the Severan Basilica at Lepcis Magna", "Baptisteries in Ancient Sites and Rites", "The Archaeology of Early Christianity: The History, Methods, and State of a Field", "Hydraulic capacity of ancient water conveyance systems to Ephesus", Heritage Foundation of Newfoundland and Labrador, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Basilica&oldid=993485440, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, All Wikipedia articles needing clarification, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Basilica Porcia: first basilica built in Rome (184 BC), erected on the personal initiative and financing of the censor Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Elder) as an official building for the, This page was last edited on 10 December 2020, at 21:26. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 7 novembre 2020 à 11:23. [64], The Miaphysite convert from the Church of the East, Ahudemmeh constructed a new basilica c.565 dedicated to Saint Sergius at ʿAin Qenoye (or ʿAin Qena according to Bar Hebraeus) after being ordained bishop of Beth Arbaye by Jacob Baradaeus and while proselytizing among the Bedouin of Arbayistan in the Sasanian Empire. [7] Civic basilicas throughout Asia Minor became Christian places of worship; examples are known at Ephesus, Aspendos, and at Magnesia on the Maeander. In Ancient Roman architecture, a basilica is a large public building with multiple functions, typically built alongside the town's forum.The basilica was in the Latin West equivalent to a stoa in the Greek East. [23] Optimus was a contemporary of Basil of Caesarea and corresponded with him c. In the Roman Imperial period (after about 27 BC), a basilica for large audiences also became a feature in palaces. [60] The Old Basilica had two phases of geometric pavements, the second phase of which credited the bishop Eustathios as patron of the renovations. Une basilique comme tant d'autres à Rome :P. This video is unavailable. From the early 4th century, Christian basilicas, along with their associated catacombs, were used for burial of the dead. In most basilicas, the central nave is taller than the aisles, forming a row of windows called a clerestory. Dans le cas des plus grandes basiliques, la colonnade du rez-de-chaussée est surmontée d'une deuxième colonnade, voire d'une troisième, qui supporte les murs percés de fenêtres. [35] After Constantine's failure to resolve the Donatist controversy by coercion between 317 and 321, he allowed the Donatists, who dominated Africa, to retain the basilica and constructed a new one for the Catholic Church. EMBED (for wordpress.com hosted blogs and archive.org item tags) Want more? Après une brève visite à l'Appartement Pontifical, le Saint-Père a rencontré le Clergé de Rome réuni dans la Basilique … [33] The function of Christian churches was similar to that of the civic basilicas but very different from temples in contemporary Graeco-Roman polytheism: while pagan temples were entered mainly by priests and thus had their splendour visible from without, within Christian basilicas the main ornamentation was visible to the congregants admitted inside. Finden Sie perfekte Stock-Fotos zum Thema S Basilica sowie redaktionelle Newsbilder von Getty Images. [65] Qasr Serīj's construction may have been part of the policy of toleration that Khosrow and his successors had for Miaphysitism – a contrast with Justinian's persecution of heterodoxy within the Roman empire. [52] This monastery was the administrative centre of the Pachomian order where the monks would gather twice annually and whose library may have produced many surviving manuscripts of biblical, Gnostic, and other texts in Greek and Coptic. Amphorae discovered at basilicas attest their economic uses and can reveal their position in wider networks of exchange. [57] In the 4th or 5th century, Nicopolis was surrounded by a new city wall.[57]. [50] The church was a domed cruciform basilica begun in 535/6; enormous and lavishly decorated, it was built in the same style as Justinian's Church of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople. Voyager comme Ulysse. [54], In eastern Syria, the Church of the East developed at typical pattern of basilica churches. [26] Christian basilicas and martyria attributable to the 4th century are rare on the Greek mainland and on the Cyclades, while the Christian basilicas of Egypt, Cyprus, Syria, Transjordan, Hispania, and Gaul are nearly all of later date. J.-C.. Les premières basiliques construites à Rome durant le IIe siècle av. Floor plan of the Justinianic Basilica of St John, Ephesus, after 535/6. [7] Adjoining it there were normally various offices and rooms housing the curia and a shrine for the tutela. A rare American church built imitating the architecture of an Early Christian basilica, St. Mary's (German) Church in Pennsylvania, now demolished. [6] At Volubilis, principal city of Mauretania Tingitana, a basilica modelled on Leptis Magna's was completed during the short reign of Macrinus. The short sides of the structure formed apses, while the main entrance was via three doorways on the long east front overlooking the Forum of Trajan, which was one meter below the level of the Basilica. [24] The site was already venerated as the martyrium of three early Christian burials beforehand, and part of the insula had been decorated in the style favoured by Christian communities frequenting the early Catacombs of Rome. [31], In the early 4th century Eusebius used the word basilica (Ancient Greek: βασιλική, romanized: basilikḗ) to refer to Christian churches; in subsequent centuries as before, the word basilica referred in Greek to the civic, non-ecclesiastical buildings, and only in rare exceptions to churches. [48] At some point during the Christianisation of the Roman world, Christian crosses were cut into the faces of the colossal statues of Augustus and Livia that stood in the basilica-stoa of Ephesus; the crosses were perhaps intended to exorcise demons in a process akin to baptism. This forecourt was entered from outside through a range of buildings along the public street. Par la suite, le terme « basilique » a aussi désigné une église catholique distinguée par le pape, parce qu'elle était le lieu d'un pèlerinage. [53] Generally, North African basilica churches' altars were in the nave and the main building medium was opus africanum of local stone, and spolia was infrequently used. The Basilica Ulpia was composed of a great central nave with four side aisles, two on each side of the nave. Poursuivez jusqu'à la Basilique Saint Jean de Latran (San Giovanni in Laterano), cathédrale de Rome. [2][3] The basilica at Leptis was built mainly of limestone ashlar, but the apses at either end were only limestone in the outer sections and built largely of rubble masonry faced with brick, with a number of decorative panels in opus reticulatum. Elle peut accueillir 60 000 personnes et comprend 27 chapelles richement décorées. [48][23] The Justinianic basilica replaced an earlier, smaller structure which Egeria had planned to visit in the 4th century, and remains of a 2,130 foot (650 m) aqueduct branch built to supply the complex with water probably dates from Justinian's reign. [12] Unlike in Gaul, basilica-forum complexes in Roman Britain did not usually include a temple; instead a shrine was usually inside the basilica itself. Lorsque le christianisme est devenu religion officielle de l'Empire romain, les chrétiens utilisèrent les basiliques existantes pour tenir les réunions du culte. [clarify][citation needed] Although their form was variable, basilicas often contained interior colonnades that divided the space, giving aisles or arcaded spaces on one or both sides, with an apse at one end (or less often at each end), where the magistrates sat, often on a slightly raised dais. [18] The basilica was built together with a forum of enormous size and was contemporary with a great complex of public baths and a new aqueduct system running for 82 miles (132 km), then the longest in the Roman Empire. [24] Outside the basilica was the Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius, a rare example of an Antique statue that has never been underground. Sentez-vous, hommes de la plèbe, dans quel mépris on nous tient ? La hauteur de la nef centrale excède celle des nefs latérales permettant l'ouverture de fenêtres dans la partie supérieure des murs latéraux pour illuminer l'espace intérieur. Floor late 4th century; walls 5/6th century. [50] It had also been a centre of the Imperial cult of ancient Rome in Asia; Ephesus was three times declared Neocorate (Ancient Greek: νεωκόρος, romanized: neōkoros, lit. Une basilique civile, ou simplement basilique (en latin : basilica), désigne durant l'Antiquité un grand édifice public destiné à abriter des activités commerciales, financières et judiciaires. Elle est l'église principale du Catholicisme, son centre spirituel et aussi la plus grande. Les sept basiliques de Rome, ou visite des sept églises, / Author: Bussiere, Marie Théodore Renouard, vicomte de, 1802-1865: Note: Paris : J. Lecoffre et cie, 1846 : Link: page images at HathiTrust: No stable link: This is an uncurated book entry from our extended bookshelves, readable online now but without a stable link here. [31] The foundations are as much as 8 m deep. Examples of such dedicatory inscriptions are known from basilicas at Lucus Feroniae and Veleia in Italy and at Cuicul in Africa Proconsolaris, and inscriptions of all kinds were visible in and around basilicas. Wählen Sie aus erstklassigen Inhalten zum Thema S Basilica in höchster Qualität. Ce type d'édifice, offrant un vaste espace abrité et dégagé, acquiert une importance particulière à partir du début du IIe siècle av. [6] The earliest surviving basilica is the basilica of Pompeii, built 120 BC. Architectural formulas for temples were unsuitable due to their pagan associations, and because pagan cult ceremonies and sacrifices occurred outdoors under the open sky in the sight of the gods, with the temple, housing the cult figures and the treasury, as a backdrop. La basilique romaine suit habituellement un plan au sol rectangulaire dont au moins une extrémité est occupée par une abside servant de tribunal[5] ou abritant la statue de l'empereur romain[6]. [3], These basilicas were rectangular, typically with central nave and aisles, usually with a slightly raised platform and an apse at each of the two ends, adorned with a statue perhaps of the emperor, while the entrances were from the long sides. Many translated example sentences containing "basilique St Pierre de Rome" – English-French dictionary and search engine for English translations. [26] This basilica, which "continues to stand as one of the most visually imposing and architecturally daring churches in the Mediterranean", was the cathedral of Constantinople and the patriarchal church of the Patriarch of Constantinople. [38] From the description of Evagrius Scholasticus the church is identifiable as an aisled basilica attached to the martyrium and preceded by an atrium. Dans la Rome antique, la basilique suit la même évolution que la stoa grecque et, initialement prévue comme espace public à l'abri des intempéries, elle finit par se spécialiser dans certaines activités, essentiellement judiciaires, toutes les basiliques romaines servant pour l'administration de la justice [1]. [48] Somewhat outside the ancient city on the hill of Selçuk, the Justinianic basilica became the centre of the city after the 7th century Arab–Byzantine wars. rome: école française 2001. Basilica: The central nave extends to one or two storeys more than the lateral aisles, and it has upper windows. [citation needed], After its destruction in 60 AD, Londinium (London) was endowed with its first forum and basilica under the Flavian dynasty. L’expression complète est βασιλικά οἰκία (basilika oikia) qui signifie « salle royale ». De Basiliek van Koekelberg is de vijfde grootste kerk ter wereld. It is a long rectangle two storeys high, with ranks of arch-headed windows one above the other, without aisles (there was no mercantile exchange in this imperial basilica) and, at the far end beyond a huge arch, the apse in which Constantine held state. Une première basilique, de petites dimensions, est construite sur le Forum Romain, dans la zone occupée plus tard par la partie sud de la basilique Æmilia. [7] It was possibly inside the basilica that Paul the Apostle, according to the Acts of the Apostles (Acts 18:12–17) was investigated and found innocent by the Suffect Consul Lucius Junius Gallio Annaeanus, the brother of Seneca the Younger, after charges were brought against him by members of the local Jewish diaspora. [65] More likely, with the support of Khosrow I for its construction and defence against the Nestorians who were Miaphysites' rivals, the basilica was part of an attempt to control the frontier tribes and limit their contact with the Roman territory of Justinian, who had agreed in the 562 Fifty-Year Peace Treaty to pay 30,000 nomismata annually to Khosrow in return for a demilitarization of the frontier after the latest phase of the Roman–Persian Wars. [45][46] Subsequently, Asterius's sermon On the Martyrdom of St Euphemia was advanced as an argument for iconodulism at the Second Council of Nicaea in 787. [7] Modern tradition instead associates the incident with an open-air inscribed bema in the forum itself. [66] The name of the modern site Qasr Serīj is derived from the basilica's dedication to St Sergius. Seated in the tribune of his basilica, the great man would meet his dependent clientes early every morning. The plays were composed between 210 and 184 BC and refer to a building that might be identified with the Atrium Regium. Ces édifices sont richement décorés grâce aux objets d’art pris sur les royaumes vaincus[8]. Inspiration may have come from prototypes like Athens's Stoa Basileios or the hypostyle hall on Delos, but the architectural form is most derived from the audience halls in the royal palaces of the Diadochi kingdoms of the Hellenistic period. [24] Within was a rectangular assembly hall with frescoes and at the east end an ambo, a cathedra, and an altar. [9] In the eastern cemetery of Hierapolis the 5th century domed octagonal martyrium of Philip the Apostle was built alongside a basilica church, while at Myra the Basilica of St Nicholas was constructed at the tomb of Saint Nicholas. Outside the defensive wall was Basilica D, a 7th-century cemetery church. [55][56] Cultural tourism thrived at Olympia and Ancient Greek religion continued to be practised there well into the 4th century. Le gouvernement romain est divisé en trois éléments que sont le Sénat , les magistrats et les assemblées, élus pour un an , … Ce premier édifice, daté de la toute fin du IIIe siècle av. Basilicas are typically rectangular buildings with a central nave flanked by two or more longitudinal aisles, with the roof at two levels, being higher in the centre over the nave to admit a clerestory and lower over the side-aisles. [54] Standing near the bema, the lay folk could chant responses to the reading and if positioned near the šqāqonā ("a walled floor-level pathway connecting the bema to the altar area") could try to kiss or touch the Gospel Book as it was processed from the deacons' room to the bema and thence to the altar. [38] The church was restored under the patronage of the patricia and daughter of Olybrius, Anicia Juliana. Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe near Ravenna in Italy. [23] Traditional monumental civic amenities like gymnasia, palaestrae, and thermae were also falling into disuse, and became favoured sites for the construction of new churches, including basilicas. [3], The 4th century Basilica of Maxentius, begun by Maxentius between 306 and 312 and according to Aurelius Victor's De Caesaribus completed by Constantine I, was an innovation. [60] The Central Basilica replaced a synagogue on a site razed in the late 5th century, and there was also a North Basilica and further basilicas without the walls. Le plan de la basilique civile romaine a servi de modèle à la fin de l'Antiquité pour la construction des premières églises chrétiennes, d'où l'utilisation du terme « basilique » pour désigner certaines églises depuis l'époque de Constantin. [59] Its atrium perhaps had a pair of towers to either side and its construction dates to the late 5th/early 6th century. Watch Queue Queue Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. [16] Similar brick ribs were employed at the Baths of Maxentius on the Palatine Hill, where they supported walls on top of the vault. [7], The remains of a large subterranean Neopythagorean basilica dating from the 1st century AD were found near the Porta Maggiore in Rome in 1915, and is known as the Porta Maggiore Basilica. [10][3], The basilica at Ephesus is typical of the basilicas in the Roman East, which usually have a very elongated footprint and a ratio between 1:5 and 1:9, with open porticoes facing the agora (the Hellenic forum); this design was influenced by the existing tradition of long stoae in Hellenistic Asia. [6] Basilicas were the administrative and commercial centres of major Roman settlements: the "quintessential architectural expression of Roman administration". In the Catholic Church, a basilica is a large and important church building. [51], The largest and oldest basilica churches in Egypt were at Pbow, a coenobitic monastery established by Pachomius the Great in 330. La nef centrale (spatium medium[a 1]), plus large et occupant presque toute la longueur du plan rectangulaire, est flanquée de nefs latérales (une de chaque côté pour les basiliques à trois nefs, deux pour les basiliques à cinq nefs) plus étroites mais tout aussi longues[7]. [52] In North Africa, late antique basilicas were often built on a doubled plan. Justinianic Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem, after 529. Apse of the ruined Great Basilica, Antioch in Pisidia. In Ancient Roman architecture, a basilica is a large public building with multiple functions, typically built alongside the town's forum. [2] At Sardis, a monumental basilica housed the city's synagogue, serving the local Jewish diaspora. Welcome to the official website of the National Basilica of the Sacred Heart in Koekelberg! [2] The early churches of Rome were basilicas with an apisidal tribunal and used the same construction techniques of columns and timber roofing. [31][32] Earlier basilicas had mostly had wooden roofs, but this basilica dispensed with timber trusses and used instead cross-vaults made from Roman bricks and concrete to create one of the ancient world's largest covered spaces: 80 m long, 25 m wide, and 35 m high. [26] Thus was lost an important part of the early history of Christian art, which would have sought to communicate early Christian ideas to the mainly illiterate Late Antique society. Rededicated 561 to St Apollinaris. [2], At the start of the 4th century at Rome there was a change in burial and funerary practice, moving away from earlier preferences for inhumation in cemeteries – popular from the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD – to the newer practice of burial in catacombs and inhumation inside Christian basilicas themselves. [35] (Constantine had disbanded the Praetorian guard after his defeat of their emperor Maxentius and replaced them with another bodyguard, the Scholae Palatinae. [2] After the construction of Cato the Elder's basilica, the term came to be applied to any large covered hall, whether it was used for domestic purposes, was a commercial space, a military structure, or religious building. [25] The Lateran Baptistery was the first monumental free-standing baptistery, and in subsequent centuries Christian basilica churches were often endowed with such baptisteries. La basilique romaine qui apparaît au cours du IIe siècle av. Basilicas are either major basilicas – of which there are four, all in the diocese of Rome—or minor basilicas, of which there were 1,810 worldwide as of 2019[update]. La Basilique - Droit canonique, pastorale et politique, de l'Antiquité au XXIe siècle (Cerf-Patrimoine) | Ouattara, Michel | ISBN: 9782204138901 | Kostenloser Versand für … Like non-Christian or civic basilicas, basilica churches had a commercial function integral to their local trade routes and economies. basilique Saint Jean de Latran n. Basilica of Saint John Lateran. [3][31], Inside the basilica the central nave was accessed by five doors opening from an entrance hall on the eastern side and terminated in an apse at the western end. [64] This basilica was the cathedral of Serdica and was one of three basilicas known to lie outside the walls; three more churches were within the walled city, of which the Church of Saint George was a former Roman bath built in the 4th century, and another was a former Mithraeum. [24] The versatility of the basilica form and its variability in size and ornament recommended itself to the early Christian Church: basilicas could be grandiose as the Basilica of Maxentius in the Forum Romanum or more practical like the so-called Basilica of Bahira in Bosra, while the Basilica Constantiniana on the Lateran Hill was of intermediate scale. [48][61] The Ephesians' basilicas to St Mary and St John were both equipped with baptisteries with filling and draining pipes: both fonts were flush with the floor and unsuitable for infant baptism. [73], Type of building in classical and church architecture, This article is about a form of building. In Romania, the word for church both as a building and as an institution is biserică, derived from the term basilica. It’s easy and only takes a few seconds. [64] Nearby the Church of Hagia Sophia, is a vaulted burial chamber with Christian painted decoration. [6] Outside the city, basilicas symbolised the influence of Rome and became a ubiquitous fixture of Roman coloniae of the late Republic from c.100 BC. Chef d'oeuvre de la Renaissance et du Baroque, elle représente le renouveau de la Ville Eternelle. Basilique civile du site archéologique d'Alésia. [26], Around 310, while still a self-proclaimed augustus unrecognised at Rome, Constantine began the construction of the Basilica Constantiniana or Aula Palatina, 'palatine hall', as a reception hall for his imperial seat at Trier (Augusta Treverorum), capital of Belgica Prima. [3] Provinces in the west lacked this tradition, and the basilicas the Romans commissioned there were more typically Italian, with the central nave divided from the side-aisles by an internal colonnade in regular proportions. [36] According to Augustine of Hippo, the dispute resulted in Ambrose organising an 'orthodox' sit-in at the basilica and arranged the miraculous invention and translation of martyrs, whose hidden remains had been revealed in a vision. Si la basilique compte une abside à chaque extrémité, il s'agit d'une basilique à abside double. [40][41] In an ekphrasis in his eleventh sermon, Asterius of Amasea described an icon in the church depicting Euphemia's martyrdom. In the later 4th century, other Christian basilicas were built in Rome: Santa Sabina, and St Paul's Outside the Walls (4th century), and later St Clement (6th century). Opposite the northern apse on the southern wall, another monumental entrance was added and elaborated with a portico of porphyry columns. [...] Welche Rolle die Basilika in diesem Zusammenhang spielte, ist ebenso ungeklärt wie die Frage, welche Funktion ihr zukam. [23] Development of pottery chronologies for Late Antiquity had helped resolve questions of dating basilicas of the period. La Basilique Saint Pierre de Rome, est située au Vatican, dans l'Ouest de la ville. In (and often also in front of) the apse was a raised platform, where the altar was placed, and from where the clergy officiated. Basiliques mineures. Sie kann reiner Repräsentationsbau gewesen sein, aber auch merkantilen und administrativen Aufgaben, insbesondere der Rechtsprechung, gedient haben, wie dies für andere Basiliken des republikanischen Rom nachzuweisen ist. [12], When Londinium became a colonia, the whole city was re-planned and a new great forum-basilica complex erected, larger than any in Britain. De 184 à 170 av. Cet espace couvert est à l'origine un lieu de rencontre destiné à protéger diverses activités des intempéries et placé en bordure de l'espace public, l'agora. A number of monumental Christian basilicas were constructed during the latter reign of Constantine the Great. Interior of the ruined "Basilica of Bahira", Bosra. [23] Traditional civic basilicas and bouleuteria declined in use with the weakening of the curial class (Latin: curiales) in the 4th and 5th centuries, while their structures were well suited to the requirements of congregational liturgies. [23] The mosaics of the floor credit Optimus, the bishop, with its dedication. Chaque ville romaine développée possède une basilique, souvent située à proximité immédiate du forum. [53] In the 5th century, basilicas with two apses, multiple aisles, and doubled churches were common, including examples respectively at Sufetula, Tipasa, and Djémila. [48], At Constantinople, Justinian constructed the largest domed basilica: on the site of the 4th century basilica Church of Holy Wisdom, the emperor ordered construction of the huge domed basilica that survives to the present: the Hagia Sophia. [71][72] Basilica churches are distinguished for ceremonial purposes from other churches. In secular building this plan was more typically used for the smaller audience halls of the emperors, governors, and the very rich than for the great public basilicas functioning as law courts and other public purposes. [12] Later, in 79 AD, an inscription commemorated the completion of the 385 by 120 foot (117 m × 37 m) basilica at Verulamium (St Albans) under the governor Gnaeus Julius Agricola; by contrast the first basilica at Londinium was only 148 by 75 feet (45 m × 23 m). A newer episcopal basilica was built by the bishop Philip atop the remains of the earlier structure, and two further basilicas were within the walls. 310. [63] There are conch mosaics in the basilica's three apses and the fine opus sectile on the central apse wall is "exceptionally well preserved". Rather than retreats from public life, however, these residences were the forum made private. There were several variations of the basic plan of the secular basilica, always some kind of rectangular hall, but the one usually followed for churches had a central nave with one aisle at each side and an apse at one end opposite to the main door at the other end. )[35] In 313 Constantine began construction of the Basilica Constantiniana on the Lateran Hill. [42] Pope Vigilius fled there from Constantinople during the Three-Chapter Controversy. Dans ce cas, les nefs latérales sont surmontées d'un étage qui constitue une galerie donnant sur l'espace central[7],[3]. L'espace peut être couvert par un plafond en charpente ou par un plafond en voûtes supportées par des piliers[7]. Or Sign up/login to Reverso account Kollaboratives Wörterbuch Französisch-Englisch. [13] In 300 Londinium's basilica was destroyed as a result of the rebellion led by the augustus of the break-away Britannic Empire, Carausius. Free 2-day shipping. [25], Basilica churches were not economically inactive. Pseudo-basilica (i. e. false basilica): The central nave extends to an additional storey, but it has no upper windows. Basilica church of the Monastery of Stoudios, Constantinple, 5th century, as depicted in the Menologion of Basil II, c. 1000. [24] Christians also continued to hold services in synagogues, houses, and gardens, and continued practising baptism in rivers, ponds, and Roman bathhouses.