chapelle sixtine plan

[15] Originally these made equal space for the members of the Papal Chapel within the sanctuary near the altar and the pilgrims and townsfolk without. Dans son roman historique Le ciel de la chapelle Sixtine[11], Leon Morell décrit dans le détail, avec vraisemblance, la réalisation de la fresque. The Sistine Chapel (/ˌsɪstiːn ˈtʃæpəl/; Latin: Sacellum Sixtinum; Italian: Cappella Sistina [kapˈpɛlla siˈstiːna]) is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the pope, in Vatican City. En 1504, une longue fissure provoqua des dégâts si importants que le pape chargea Michel-Ange de refaire la décoration de l'édifice[6]. They were commissioned in 1480 by Pope Sixtus IV and executed by Domenico Ghirlandaio, Sandro Botticelli, Pietro Perugino, Cosimo Rosselli and their workshops. Cette concentration humaine provoque de multiples exhalaisons de gaz carbonique et risque, à terme, d'endommager les peintures[2]. Profitez de l’expérience d’un guide professionnel pour vous accompagner et vous parler de l’histoire de la constitution des Musées du Pape et des chefs d’oeuvre qui y sont conservés. The other 27 masses could be held in a smaller, less public space, for which the Cappella Maggiore was used before it was rebuilt on the same site as the Sistine Chapel. Above is the main space, the Sistine Chapel, the vaulted ceiling rising to 20.7 metres (68 ft). The chapel is a high rectangular building, for which absolute measurements are hard to ascertain, as available measurements are for the interior: 40.9 metres (134 ft) long by 13.4 metres (44 ft) wide. The Cappella Maggiore is recorded as existing in 1368. La chapelle Sixtine, appelée originellement chapelle de Sixte, est une des salles des palais pontificaux du Vatican et fait partie des Musées du Vatican. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 1 novembre 2020 à 19:25. [9] The pavement is in opus alexandrinum, a decorative style using marble and coloured stone in a pattern that reflects the earlier proportion in the division of the interior and also marks the processional way from the main door, used by the Pope on important occasions such as Palm Sunday. [16] The tapestries depict events from the Life of St. Peter and the Life of St. Paul, the founders of the Christian Church in Rome, as described in the Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles. A close examination of the frescoes of the lunettes convinced the restorers that Michelangelo worked exclusively in "buon fresco"; that is, the artist worked only on freshly laid plaster and each section of work was completed while the plaster was still in its fresh state. The central tier of the walls has two cycles of paintings, which complement each other, The Life of Moses and The Life of Christ. These included the Christmas Day and Easter masses, at which the Pope himself was the celebrant. Il s’agit de la plus grande chapelle du Vatican : elle mesure 40 mètres de long sur 13 mètres de large et 21 mètres de haut. The Florentines started to work in the Sistine Chapel in the spring of 1481. Pendant la Papauté d'Avignon, la ville de Rome subit de graves troubles civils. Subsidence and cracking of masonry such as must also have affected the Cappella Maggiore has necessitated the building of very large buttresses to brace the exterior walls. Les conclaves pourront s'y dérouler de nouveau à partir du XVIe siècle, les cardinaux siégeant sur des banquettes en pierre qui longent les trois côtés[5]. Exemple des différentes sections sur les murs de la chapelle, le rideau de fausses tentures peintes aux couleurs héraldiques de la famille de Sixte VI, les fresques représentant des épisodes de la vie de Moïse et du Christ, la galerie des papes et les lunettes représentant les ancêtres du Christ. Above the narrative frescos, the upper tier is divided into two zones. There is a permanent choir, the Sistine Chapel Choir, for whom much original music has been written, the most famous piece being Gregorio Allegri's Miserere. Plusieurs monuments chrétiens délaissés tombent en ruine. Le PéruginLe Christ remet à saint Pierre les clefs du Paradis. La « Capella magna » est délabrée, si bien qu'après le retour des papes à Rome en 1455, les conclaves doivent se tenir dans la Chapelle Paolina[5]. La chapelle Sixtine a été réalisée pour le pape Sixte IV entre 1475 et 1481, d’où son nom. And, to tell the truth, anyone who is a painter no longer needs to concern himself about seeing innovations and inventions, new ways of painting poses, clothing on figures, and various awe-inspiring details, for Michelangelo gave to this work all the perfection that can be given to such details. [21], Michelangelo was intimidated by the scale of the commission, and made it known from the outset of Julius II's approach that he would prefer to decline. La décoration du plafond de la chapelle Sixtine fut commandée par le pape Jules II, au début de son pontificat (1503-1513), pour remédier aux désordres causés par les constructions de la basilique Saint-Pierre et de la tour Borgia, qui avaient fragilisé la chapelle. Defined proportions were a feature of Renaissance architecture and reflected the growing interest in the Classical heritage of Rome. La fresque du plafond de la chapelle Sixtine, peinte par Michel-Ange entre 1508 et 1512 et inaugurée par le pape Jules II le 31 octobre 1512, est un chef-dœuvre de la peinture de la Renaissance italienne. Chapelle Sixtine, Vatican Josias, le fils d'Amon, est habituellement considéré comme l'homme représenté du côté droit, alors que l'enfant qu'il tient sur ses genoux est Jéchonias ; du côté opposé, la mère tient des bras un autre des fils de Josias engendré pendant la … [11], One of the functions of the Sistine Chapel is as a venue for the election of each successive pope in a conclave of the College of Cardinals. Sandro BotticelliLa jeunesse de Moïse (détail). To the right are those who are assigned to Hell and are dragged down by demons. This was disrupted by a further commission to Michelangelo to decorate the wall above the altar with The Last Judgment, 1537–1541. Elle comprend un souterrain, un entresol et la chapelle proprement dite. La chapelle Sixtine repose sur les fondations d’une chapelle plus ancienne appelée Capella Magna. Deimling, Barbara (2000), Sandro Botticelli 1444/45–1510, Köln: Taschen, ISBN 3-8228-5992-3, Chapel in the Apostolic Palace, Vatican City, East side of the Sistine Chapel, from the altar end with The Last Judgement, Quotes on Michelangelo's frescoes in the Sistine Chapel, John Shearman, "The Chapel of Sixtus IV". The full-size preparatory cartoons for seven of the ten tapestries are known as the Raphael Cartoons and are in London. The first papal conclave to be held on the Sistine Chapel was the conclave of 1492, which took place from 6 to 11 August of the same year and in which Pope Alexander VI, also known as Rodrigo Borja, was elected. The fame of the Sistine Chapel lies mainly in the frescos that decorate the interior, most particularly the Sistine Chapel ceiling and The Last Judgment by Michelangelo. The commission was originally to paint the twelve apostles on the triangular pendentives which support the vault; however, Michelangelo demanded a free hand in the pictorial content of the scheme. Les scènes de la vie de Moïse et du Christ représentent : Les artistes se sont amusés à glisser de nombreux clins d'œil dans leurs peintures, et notamment à y cacher des portraits de leurs contemporains[10]. [5][6] In a different climate, after the Sack of Rome, he returned and, between 1535 and 1541, painted The Last Judgment for Popes Clement VII and Paul III. The Cappella Maggiore derived its name, the Greater Chapel, from the fact that there was another chapel also in use by the Pope and his retinue for daily worship. Il est probable que, dès votre entrée dans la Chapelle Sixtine, vos yeux se tournent directement vers l’immense composition du Jugement dernier.Cette fresque a été peinte par Michel-Ange entre 1536 et 1541 : elle représente la figure … À la bande médiane sont placées, face à face, des scènes de la vie de Moïse (sur la paroi sud, à gauche lorsqu'on fait face à l'autel) et du Christ (sur la paroi nord, à droite face à l'autel) ; des inscriptions (tituli) expliquent ces correspondances. It is said that when he complained to the Pope, the pontiff responded that his jurisdiction did not extend to hell, so the portrait would have to remain. Le voûte est d'une nature très complexe et il est peu probable que ce était à l'origine destiné à avoir un tel décor complexe. Elle est décorée, entre autres, par Giottino, Giovanni da Milano et Fra Angelico[4]. Elle est ceinte, en hauteur, d'un chemin de garde défensif. Chapelle Sixtine Les fresques que nous contemplons ici nous introduisent dans le monde de la Révélation, nous parlant ici et là des vérités de notre foi. Messe pontificale avec Sixte IV à la chapelle Sixtine, miniature de Giuliano Amidei, musée Condé. Above the vault is a third story with wardrooms for guards. The Restoration of the Sistine Chapel: Right or Wrong? Cette découverte de nuit est exceptionnelle parce que dédiée uniquement aux groupes ayant réservé leur billet à l’avance. The work was completed between 1508 and late 1512. l'article détaillé et le témoignage de Michel-Ange lui-même). A screen or transenna in marble by Mino da Fiesole, Andrea Bregno, and Giovanni Dalmata divides the chapel into two parts. On the occasion of a conclave, a chimney is installed in the roof of the chapel, from which smoke arises as a signal. La chapelle Sixtine se situe à l’intérieur des Musées du Vatican. It is probable that the commission of Ghirlandaio, Botticelli and Roselli was part of a reconciliation project between Lorenzo de' Medici, the de facto ruler of Florence, and Pope Sixtus IV. This barrel vault is cut transversely by smaller vaults over each window, which divide the barrel vault at its lowest level into a series of large pendentives rising from shallow pilasters between each window. He turned down the commission because he saw himself as a sculptor, not a painter. The Creation of the Sun, Moon, and Plants, Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province, Coats of arms of the Holy See and Vatican City, Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici, Santi Martino e Sebastiano degli Svizzeri, Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Art Museum, Museo Storico Nazionale dell'Arte Sanitaria, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sistine_Chapel&oldid=995659859, Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles needing additional references from August 2016, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing Italian-language text, Articles needing additional references from August 2020, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 22 December 2020, at 05:30. Des travaux de rénovation sont commandés par le pape Sixte IV, lors de son jubilé de 1475. The tier of Popes, which, in the scheme intended by Pope Julius, would have appeared immediately below the Twelve Apostles, would have emphasised the apostolic succession. The gangway has been roofed as it was a continual source of water leaking in to the vault of the chapel. La chapelle est fortifiée contre de nombreux ennemis potentiels, tels la République de Florence ou les Turcs de Mehmed II[7]. This work has been and truly is a beacon of our art, and it has brought such benefit and enlightenment to the art of painting that it was sufficient to illuminate a world which for so many hundreds of years had remained in the state of darkness. En 1480, ces travaux sont achevés, et la chapell… After its completion, the chapel was decorated with frescoes by a number of the most famous artists of the High Renaissance, including Sandro Botticelli, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Pietro Perugino, and Michelangelo. Remplaçant la chapelle Pauline puis le palais du Quirinal, la chapelle Sixtine est le lieu où, traditionnellement depuis le XV siècle, les cardinaux réunis en conclave élisent le nouveau pape, et obligatoirement depuis la constitution apostolique édictée par Jean-Paul II en 1996, intitulée Universi Dominici gregis . Publication 9 janv. ... Tech Bon plan : bénéficiez de 89% de réduction sur votre formation au Deep Learning. However, Bramante did not successfully complete the task, and the structure he built was flawed. Dès 1368 est mentionnée l'existence d'une chapelle papale, la « Capella magna » (la Cappella Maggiore en italien), destinée à accueillir les célébrations liturgiques ou cérémonielles de la cour pontificale[3] et depuis 1492, les conclaves. Le plafond de la chapelle Sixtine a été achevé en 1512, un peu avant la Réforme protestante. Réservez vos billets sans attente pour visiter les Musées du Vatican et la Chapelle Sixtine. L'entrée de la Chapelle Sixtine est incluse dans le billet des Musées du Vatican. Ces murs sont divisés horizontalement en trois bandes séparées par des entablements, et verticalement par des lésènes. Maintaining the ratio, there were six windows down each side and two at either end. La Chapelle Sixtine est située au sein des Musées du Vatican. In the late 20th century, a set was reassembled from several further sets that had been made after the first set, and displayed again in the Sistine Chapel in 1983. Une restauration générale de la chapelle Sixtine a eu lieu de 1981 à 1989. Until reforms instituted by Saint Pius X, the canopies were of different colours to designate which Cardinals had been appointed by which Pope. On the large pendentives he painted twelve Biblical and Classical men and women who prophesied that God would send Jesus Christ for the salvation of mankind, and around the upper parts of the windows, the Ancestors of Christ. Pier Matteo d'Amelia a fourni un plan pour … Michelangelo used bright colours, easily visible from the floor. Cheney, Iris. Que vous soyez croyant ou non, la chapelle Sixtine est un monument incontournable à visiter. The ceiling of the chapel is a flattened barrel vault springing from a course that encircles the walls at the level of the springing of the window arches. [18], At this point, the decorative scheme displayed a consistent iconographical pattern. If no candidate receives the required two-thirds vote, the cardinals send up black smoke—created by burning the ballots along with wet straw and chemical additives—it means that no successful election has yet occurred.[12]. Michel-Ange Le Jugement dernier après restauration. Ils disparurent tous les quatre en 1536 quand Michel-Ange, sur commande de Paul III, peint sur cette paroi le Jugement Dernier. For Michelangelo, the project was a distraction from the major marble sculpture that had preoccupied him for the previous few years. Ouvert du lundi au samedi de 9h00 à 18h00. Cliquez sur une vignette pour l’agrandir. These paintings were completed in 1482, and on 15 August 1483 Sixtus IV celebrated the first mass in the Sistine Chapel for the Feast of the Assumption, at which ceremony the chapel was consecrated and dedicated to the Virgin Mary.[3][4]. La série de Papes longeait les murs de la Chapelle à partir du mur de fond de l’autel, avec le Christ au centre, le premier pape Saint Pierre puis Saint Lin et Saint Clet. La chapelle Sixtine, appelée originellement chapelle de Sixte est l'une des salles des palais pontificaux du Vatican. Le plafond se élève à 20 mètres au-dessus du premier étage de la chapelle. In 1515, Raphael was commissioned by Pope Leo X to design a series of ten tapestries to hang around the lower tier of the walls. En 2016, une équipe de l'émission Secrets d'Histoire a tourné plusieurs séquences dans la chapelle dans le cadre d'un numéro consacré à Michel-Ange, intitulé Les démons de Michel-Ange, diffusé le 13 juillet 2017 sur France 2[14]. The matter was taken before the Pope, who ordered Michelangelo to build a scaffold of his own. The barrel vault was originally painted brilliant-blue and dotted with gold stars, to the design of Piermatteo Lauro de' Manfredi da Amelia. La Chapelle Sixtine est fermée le dimanche, sauf le dernier dimanche du mois (l'entrée est gratuite et ce n'est … He had perforated the vault in order to lower strings to secure the scaffold. Horaires. This means that Michelangelo painted well over 5,000 square feet (460 m2) of frescoes.[25]. Au cœur de la forêt amazonienne, loin de toute civilisation, des milliers de dessins peints durant la préhistoire sont parvenus jusqu'à nous. Cela faisait plus de 400 ans que les douze pièces des tapisseries de Raphaël (1483-1520) n’avaient pas été réunies au complet dans leur emplacement originel. The southern wall is decorated with the Stories of Moses, painted in 1481–1482. The restorers, by assuming that the artist took a universal approach to the painting, have taken a universal approach to the restoration. From 1455, conclaves have been held in the Vatican; until the Great Schism, they were held in the Dominican convent of Santa Maria sopra Minerva. Of the present scheme of frescos, the earliest part is that of the side walls. Without having seen the Sistine Chapel one can form no appreciable idea of what one man is capable of achieving. En mai 1508, l'artiste signa le contrat prévoyant la représentation des douze apôtres sur les pendentifs, agrémentée de motifs ornementaux dans les parties restantes. Elle mesure 40,23 mètres de long pour 13,40 mètres de large et 20,70 mètres de haut soit les dimensions du temple de Salomon à Jérusalem, qui fut détruit en l’an 70. The Last Judgement was an object of a bitter dispute between Cardinal Carafa and Michelangelo. [29] It was on view at Mexico City from 1 June to 15 July 2016; it may then be exhibited at other Mexican cities and possibly elsewhere in the world. [22], The sources of Michelangelo's inspiration are not easily determined; both Joachite and Augustinian theologians were within the sphere of Julius' influence.[23]. The Sistine Chapel's ceiling restoration began on 7 November 1984. Pavement en mosaïquesde marbre dit « Cosmati », clôture du chœuret, à gauche, tribune de la Chorale[13]. Toutes les commandes sont préparées à la demande et généralement expédiées sous 24 heures dans le monde entier. Because he depicted naked figures, the artist was accused of immorality and obscenity. The painted area is about 40 m (131 ft) long by 13 m (43 ft) wide. Mais la ville de Rome subit d’importants dommages civils pendant la papauté d’Avignon. Ces panneaux sont encadrés de sculpturaux athlètes nus (les célèbres ignudi), qui soutiennent des médaillons en camaïeu d'or illustrant des scènes tirées du Livre des Rois. La bande supérieure montre les portraits des trente-deux premiers papes, insérés dans des niches monochromes[5]. Mais Michel-Ange jugea ce sujet trop pauvre. [10], The Sistine Chapel has maintained its function to the present day and continues to host the important services of the Papal Calendar, unless the Pope is travelling. If white smoke, which is created by burning the ballots of the election, appears, a new Pope has been elected. Work began in mid-1515. [9], The first mass in the Sistine Chapel was celebrated on 15 August 1483, the Feast of the Assumption, at which ceremony the chapel was consecrated and dedicated to the Virgin Mary. In other words, Michelangelo did not work "a secco"; he did not come back later and add details onto the dry plaster. Due to their large size, manufacture of the hangings was carried out in Brussels, and took four years under the hands of the weavers in the shop of Pieter van Aelst. [27], View of the West wall before The Last Judgement, View of The Last Judgement as originally painted by Michelangelo. Today, it is the site of the papal conclave, the process by which a new pope is selected. At the time of Pope Sixtus IV in the late 15th century, the Papal Chapel comprised about 200 people, including clerics, officials of the Vatican and distinguished laity. The first stage in the decoration of the Sistine Chapel was the painting of the ceiling in blue, studded with gilt stars,[9] and with decorative borders around the architectural details of the pendentives. Le Chapelle Sixtine est 40,5 mètres de long et 14 mètres de large. He was originally commissioned to paint only twelve figures, the Apostles. At this level, an open projecting gangway was constructed, which encircled the building supported on an arcade springing from the walls. Un travail aussi démesuré ne pouvait qu'affecter sa santé (cf. Its exterior is unadorned by architectural or decorative details, as is common in many Italian churches of the Medieval and Renaissance eras. The building is divided into three stories of which the lowest is a very tall basement level with several utilitarian windows and a doorway giving onto the exterior court. The Last Judgement was painted by Michelangelo from 1535 to 1541, between two important historic events: the Sack of Rome by mercenary forces of the Holy Roman Empire in 1527, and the Council of Trent which commenced in 1545. Découvrez des t-shirts, posters, stickers, objets déco et autres produits du quotidien sur le thème Chapelle Sixtine, personnalisés par des artistes indépendants du monde entier. Le Maestro dell'Annunciazione Gardner aurait peint la voûte d'un ciel bleu constellé où de petites boules de cire dorée, collées sur la peinture, représentaient les étoiles. The only reproduction of the Sistine Chapel ceiling was painted by Gary Bevans at English Martyrs' Catholic Church in Goring-by-Sea, Worthing, West Sussex, England. L’existence d’une chapelle papale précède la décision du Pape Sixte IV d’établir une bâtisse fortifiée. Aujourd'hui son chef-d'œuvre incarne le sommet de l'art de la Renaissance. After treatment, only that which was painted "buon fresco" would remain. [8] Of these 50 occasions, 35 were masses, of which 8 were held in Basilicas, in general St. Peter's, and were attended by large congregations. The problem lies in the analysis and understanding of the techniques utilised by Michelangelo, and the technical response of the restorers to that understanding. Sixte IV consacre la nouvelle chapelle, dédiée à Notre-Dame de l’Assomption, le 15 août 1483[6]. At the lower level of the windows is a Gallery of Popes painted at the same time as the Lives. [20] He painted the Last Judgment over the altar, between 1535 and 1541, on commission from Pope Paul III Farnese. Le pape Sixte IV chargea des peintres célè… His figures showed the creation, Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, and the Great Flood. Le nom est dérivé de son fondateur, le pape Sixte IV. La scène du Jugement dernier. 2019 à 18:20 CET. Review of "Raphael's Cartoons in the Collection of Her Majesty The Queen and the Tapestries for the Sistine Chapel" by John Shearman. The accretion of other buildings has further altered the exterior appearance of the chapel. Sur le mur ouest, la fresque du « Jugement dernier » a été dévoilée près de trois décennies plus tard, alors que les effets de la révolution de Martin Luther s'étaient propagés dans toute l'Europe. Une esquisse de Michel-Ange dans la marge d'un sonnet adressé à Giovanni di Benedetto da Pistoia le représente d'ailleurs debout la tête inclinée vers l'arrière et le bras tendu vers le haut. A decision was made that all of the shadowy layer of animal glue and "lamp black", all of the wax, and all of the overpainted areas were contamination of one sort or another: smoke deposits, earlier restoration attempts, and painted definition by later restorers in an attempt to enliven the appearance of the work. The Sistine Chapel (/ ˌ s ɪ s t iː n ˈ tʃ æ p əl /; Latin: Sacellum Sixtinum; Italian: Cappella Sistina [kapˈpɛlla siˈstiːna]) is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the pope, in Vatican City.Originally known as the Cappella Magna ('Great Chapel'), the chapel takes its name from Pope Sixtus IV, who restored it between 1473 and 1481. Le mur du fond comporte une immense fresque illustrant le Jugement dernier, peinte près d'un quart de siècle plus tard par Michel-Ange alors sexagénaire et dévoilée par Paul III, après six ans de travaux, le 1er novembre 1541. Pour visiter la Chapelle Sixtine. Le sol est recouvert de marbres polychromes. La chapelle Sixtine. Les travaux étaient probablement achevés avant le 31 octobre 1512, où Jules II présida les vêpres solennelles de la Toussaint avant de célébrer la messe dès le lendemain[2]. Around the arched tops of the windows are areas known as the lunettes which contain the Ancestors of Christ, painted by Michelangelo as part of the scheme for the ceiling. Toutes les fresques présentes au plafond de la Chapelle Sixtine sont signéesMichel Ange, qui a passé quatre ans à peindre la voûte, entre 1508 et 1512. On the lowest part of the ceiling he painted the ancestors of Christ. It has been argued that the present scheme shows the two Biblical Testaments merged in order to reveal the Old predicting and framing the New, synthesizing, the logic of the Christian Bible.[19]. Toutefois, les examens effectués lors des dernières restaurations n’ont mis au jour aucune trace de bleu[9]. Les horaires d’ouverture sont donc les mêmes que pour ces derniers : La chapelle Sixtine est ouverte tous les jours sauf le dimanche, de 9 h à 18 h. La chapelle Sixtine est accessible gratuitement le dernier dimanche de chaque mois (de 9 h à 14 h). Chaque jour, quelque 10 000 touristes la visitent, avec des pointes de 20 000 personnes aux périodes d'affluence. [7] The fame of Michelangelo's paintings has drawn multitudes of visitors to the chapel ever since they were revealed five hundred years ago. It has no exterior façade or exterior processional doorways, as the ingress has always been from internal rooms within the Apostolic Palace (Papal Palace), and the exterior can be seen only from nearby windows and light-wells in the palace. Le plafond impressionnant de la Chapelle Sixtine du 15ème siècle a été peint par Michel-Ange … Elle a été financée par la Nippon Television Network Corporation, en échange d'un droit sur les images. The Pope offered to allow Michelangelo to paint biblical scenes of his own choice as a compromise. Localisation de Chapelle Sixtine sur le plan de Rome, découvrez son emplacement et les points d'intérêt à proximité sur notre plan interactif. Michel-Ange dessina de nombreuses études et cartons préparatoires et conçut des dizaines de personnages aux poses variées. The conclave also provided for the cardinals a space in which they could hear mass, and in which they could eat, sleep, and pass time attended by servants. At the time of Pope Sixtus IV, this was the Chapel of Pope Nicholas V, which had been decorated by Fra Angelico. Ces scènes ont, semble-t'il, été commandées par Sixte IV ou par un théologien de la cour pontificale, dans le but politique précis de démontrer la primauté de la papauté et son indépendance face aux monarques de la chrétienté. He painted a series of nine pictures showing God's Creation of the World, God's Relationship with Mankind, and Mankind's Fall from God's Grace. He asked Bramante what was to happen when the painter reached the perforations, but the architect had no answer. Since that time, the chapel has served as a place of both religious and functionary papal activity. The painting depicts the second coming of Christ on the Day of Judgment as described in the Revelation of John, Chapter 20. Based on this decision, according to Arguimbau's critical reading of the restoration data that have been provided, the chemists of the restoration team decided upon a solvent that would effectively strip the ceiling down to its paint-impregnated plaster. The restoration complete, the chapel was re-opened to the public on 8 April 1994. [28] A full-size architectural and photographic replica of the entire building was commissioned by the Mexican Government and funded by private donors. À noter en particulier, les Chambres de Raffaello, le Cortile della Pigna mais aussi le Groupe du Laocoon.

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