French doctrine and jurisprudence allows pictures incorporating a copyrighted work as long as their presence is incidental or accessory to the subject being represented,[96] a reasoning akin to the de minimis rule. Because the mechanism requires frequent lubrication and maintenance, public access is often restricted. La Société d'exploitation de la tour Eiffel (SETE), créée le 13 décembre 2005, est la société publique locale (SPL) chargée de l'exploitation de la tour Eiffel à Paris, un site touristique français important et le monument payant le plus visité au monde avec près de 7 millions de visiteurs chaque année. Hydraulic pressure was provided by pressurised accumulators located near this mechanism. Famous visitors to the tower included the Prince of Wales, Sarah Bernhardt, "Buffalo Bill" Cody (his Wild West show was an attraction at the exposition) and Thomas Edison. La SETE a pour objectif entretenir et exploiter la Tour Eiffel. The layout of both first and second levels was modified, with the space available for visitors on the second level. Every year, SETE and its 340 employees welcome 6 million visitors to the Eiffel Tower. No topo da Torre Eiffel há um bar que serve champanhe, enquanto que no segundo andar fica o estrelado (e caríssimo) restaurante Jules Verne. Gustave Eiffel described some of the responses as vraiment curieuse ("truly curious").[28]. The car was divided into two superimposed compartments, each holding 25 passengers, with the lift operator occupying an exterior platform on the first level. [67], In May 2016, an apartment was created on the first level to accommodate four competition winners during the UEFA Euro 2016 football tournament in Paris in June. [53], The lights sparkled blue for several nights to herald the new millennium on 31 December 2000. [84], There are various scale models of the tower in the United States, including a half-scale version at the Paris Las Vegas, Nevada, one in Paris, Texas built in 1993, and two 1:3 scale models at Kings Island, located in Mason, Ohio, and Kings Dominion, Virginia, amusement parks opened in 1972 and 1975 respectively. All the practical information you need for your visit to the Eiffel Tower: buy a ticket (Rates: 16 to 25 € maximum for adults and 4 to 12,5 € for children and young people), learn about the monument or news and events in the tower Two 1:3 scale models can be found in China, one in Durango, Mexico that was donated by the local French community, and several across Europe.[85]. The most recent, devised in 2004 after letters sent by Eiffel to the French Society of Civil Engineers in 1885 were translated into English, is described as a non-linear integral equation based on counteracting the wind pressure on any point of the tower with the tension between the construction elements at that point. [29] Edison signed the guestbook with this message: To M Eiffel the Engineer the brave builder of so gigantic and original specimen of modern Engineering from one who has the greatest respect and admiration for all Engineers including the Great Engineer the Bon Dieu, Thomas Edison. Welcome to the Eiffel Tower official page! A budget for the exposition was passed and, on 1 May, Lockroy announced an alteration to the terms of the open competition being held for a centrepiece to the exposition, which effectively made the selection of Eiffel's design a foregone conclusion, as entries had to include a study for a 300 m (980 ft) four-sided metal tower on the Champ de Mars. The mayor of Blackpool, Sir John Bickerstaffe, was so impressed on seeing the Eiffel Tower at the 1889 exposition that he commissioned a similar tower to be built in his town. 6 773 374 estiveram aqui. Tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France, This article is about the landmark in Paris, France. At the top, there were laboratories for various experiments, and a small apartment reserved for Gustave Eiffel to entertain guests, which is now open to the public, complete with period decorations and lifelike mannequins of Eiffel and some of his notable guests. [66], When originally built, the first level contained three restaurants — one French, one Russian and one Flemish — and an "Anglo-American Bar". by accessing this website you unreservedly accept the statutory provisions in force and the terms set out below. Motive power was provided by an inclined hydraulic ram 12.67 m (41 ft 7 in) long and 96.5 cm (38.0 in) in diameter in the tower leg with a stroke of 10.83 m (35 ft 6 in): this moved a carriage carrying six sheaves. Welcome to the Eiffel Tower's official website. This restaurant has one star in the Michelin Red Guide. Facing the Champ de Mars, Devaux used an electric winch between figures to go back up to the second floor. In preparation for the June 25, 2020, reopening of Eiffel Tower visits, the Société d'Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel (SETE) announces that its online ticket office will open on June 18, 2020, at 10:00 am. [15], At first, the legs were constructed as cantilevers, but about halfway to the first level construction was paused in order to create a substantial timber scaffold. [12] Guy de Maupassant supposedly ate lunch in the tower's restaurant every day because it was the one place in Paris where the tower was not visible.[13]. On 19 October 1901, Alberto Santos-Dumont, flying his No.6 airship, won a 100,000-franc prize offered by Henri Deutsch de la Meurthe for the first person to make a flight from St. The data currently collected by Société d’Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel is processed in order for us to be able to respond to your inquiry. [81] This restaurant was sold to an American restaurateur and transported to New York and then New Orleans. La Tour Eiffel a été construite en à peine vingt-deux mois. Therefore, SETE may be unable to claim copyright on photographs of Paris which happen to include the lit tower. [4] In May 1884, working at home, Koechlin made a sketch of their idea, described by him as "a great pylon, consisting of four lattice girders standing apart at the base and coming together at the top, joined together by metal trusses at regular intervals". The tower is 324 metres (1,063 ft) tall, about the same height as an 81-storey building, and the tallest structure in Paris. The Eiffel Tower (/ˈaɪfəl/ EYE-fəl; French: tour Eiffel [tuʁ‿ɛfɛl] (listen)) is a wrought-iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. Notamment de moderniser les installations, les espaces d'accueil et les services offerts aux visiteurs, tout en respectant une démarche de développement durable et en maintenant un haut niveau de sécurité. ", "Elevator Systems of the Eiffel Tower, 1889", Istituto Statale Italiano Leonardo Da Vinci, Musée de Cluny – Musée national du Moyen Âge, Jiangsu Nanjing Broadcast Television Tower, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eiffel_Tower&oldid=991856329, Buildings and structures in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, Michelin Guide starred restaurants in France, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2016, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz place identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Spare transmission mast for longwave; insulated against ground, This page was last edited on 2 December 2020, at 04:15. The climb from ground level to the first level is over 300 steps, as is the climb from the first level to the second. The SAYPE project receives support from the City of Paris, MTArt Agency, B Corp and the Société d’Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel (SETE). 6,802,498 were here. The cars were replaced, and a computer system was installed to completely automate the lifts. At the beginning of the 20th century, the engravings were painted over, but they were restored in 1986–87 by the Société Nouvelle d'exploitation de la Tour Eiffel, a company operating the tower. It was to be dismantled in 1909, when its ownership would revert to the City of Paris. Se você estiver visitando nossa versão não-inglesa e quiser ver a versão em inglês de Société d'exploitation de la Tour Eiffel, por favor, role até o fundo e verá o significado de Société d'exploitation de la Tour Eiffel em inglês. External policy for personal data protection. [3] The Eiffel Tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world; 6.91 million people ascended it in 2015. However, Eiffel and his team – experienced bridge builders – understood the importance of wind forces, and knew that if they were going to build the tallest structure in the world, they had to be sure it could withstand them. [77] An average of 25,000 people ascend the tower every day which can result in long queues.[78]. They made use of the guides for the lifts which were to be fitted in the four legs. [46] In 1964, the Eiffel Tower was officially declared to be a historical monument by the Minister of Cultural Affairs, André Malraux. Close examination of the tower reveals a basically exponential shape. SETE - Société d’Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel - possui 552 concorrentes concorrentes The Walt Disney Company (Estados Unidos), Disneyland Paris (França) e TUI Group (Alemanha). A Torre Eiffel (em francês: Tour Eiffel, /tuʀ ɛf ɛ l/) é uma torre treliça de ferro do século XIX localizada no Champ de Mars, em Paris, a qual se tornou um ícone mundial da França. 01 44 11 23 46, Email : La Clef Tour Eiffel Paris, Paris: Veja 474 avaliações, 388 fotos e ótimas promoções para La Clef Tour Eiffel Paris, classificado como nº 414 de 1.852 hotéis em Paris e com pontuação 4,5 de 5 no Tripadvisor. These had a compensating mechanism to keep the floor level as the angle of ascent changed at the first level, and were driven by a similar hydraulic mechanism to the Otis lifts, although this was situated at the base of the tower. The tower has been used for making radio transmissions since the beginning of the 20th century. It was removed due to structural considerations; engineers had determined it was too heavy and was causing the tower to sag. Eiffel had a permit for the tower to stand for 20 years. Welcome to the official SETE website. No drilling or shaping was done on site: if any part did not fit, it was sent back to the factory for alteration. It was run by the multi-Michelin star chef Alain Ducasse from 2007 to 2017. Gustave Eiffel responded to these criticisms by comparing his tower to the Egyptian pyramids: "My tower will be the tallest edifice ever erected by man. In this article we offer you a unique immersion into everything related to the Eiffel Tower at nighttime: lighting, image rights, tour experience, and more. A petition called "Artists against the Eiffel Tower" was sent to the Minister of Works and Commissioner for the Exposition, Adolphe Alphand, and it was published by Le Temps on 14 February 1887: We, writers, painters, sculptors, architects and passionate devotees of the hitherto untouched beauty of Paris, protest with all our strength, with all our indignation in the name of slighted French taste, against the erection … of this useless and monstrous Eiffel Tower … To bring our arguments home, imagine for a moment a giddy, ridiculous tower dominating Paris like a gigantic black smokestack, crushing under its barbaric bulk Notre Dame, the Tour Saint-Jacques, the Louvre, the Dome of les Invalides, the Arc de Triomphe, all of our humiliated monuments will disappear in this ghastly dream. The original lifts for the journey between the second and third levels were supplied by Léon Edoux. Contact information. Conforme a apuração, a cadeira em que ela estava apresentou defeito. Work on the foundations started on 28 January 1887. The design of the Eiffel Tower is attributed to Maurice Koechlin and Émile Nouguier, two senior engineers working for the Compagnie des Établissements Eiffel. [44] When visiting Paris, Hitler chose to stay on the ground. [54], The tower received its 200,000,000th guest on 28 November 2002. "[11], Some of the protesters changed their minds when the tower was built; others remained unconvinced. The tower was closed to the public during the occupation and the lifts were not repaired until 1946. ", "Do night photos of the Eiffel Tower violate copyright? Depending on the ambient temperature, the top of the tower may shift away from the sun by up to 18 cm (7 in) due to thermal expansion of the metal on the side facing the sun.[62]. [39] In 1930, the tower lost the title of the world's tallest structure when the Chrysler Building in New York City was completed. There was also a pâtisserie. A pair of 81 m (266 ft) hydraulic rams were mounted on the second level, reaching nearly halfway up to the third level. Its board of directors is chaired by Jean-François Martins, Councillor of the City of Paris. [26] Eiffel invited Edison to his private apartment at the top of the tower, where Edison presented him with one of his phonographs, a new invention and one of the many highlights of the exposition. [38] A bust of Gustave Eiffel by Antoine Bourdelle was unveiled at the base of the north leg on 2 May 1929. [45] On 25 June, before the Germans had been driven out of Paris, the German flag was replaced with a Tricolour by two men from the French Naval Museum, who narrowly beat three men led by Lucien Sarniguet, who had lowered the Tricolour on 13 June 1940 when Paris fell to the Germans. Von Choltitz disobeyed the order. The proposed tower had been a subject of controversy, drawing criticism from those who did not believe it was feasible and those who objected on artistic grounds. 6.804.649 estiveram aqui. Each shoe was anchored to the stonework by a pair of bolts 10 cm (4 in) in diameter and 7.5 m (25 ft) long. "[9] These criticisms were also dealt with by Édouard Lockroy in a letter of support written to Alphand, sardonically saying,[10] "Judging by the stately swell of the rhythms, the beauty of the metaphors, the elegance of its delicate and precise style, one can tell this protest is the result of collaboration of the most famous writers and poets of our time", and he explained that the protest was irrelevant since the project had been decided upon months before, and construction on the tower was already under way. Failure to respond to these fields will make it impossible to process your application. Repairs took a year, and in 1957, the present radio aerial was added to the top. In all, 18,038 pieces were joined together using 2.5 million rivets. [41], Upon the German occupation of Paris in 1940, the lift cables were cut by the French. [83] Tokyo Tower in Japan, built as a communications tower in 1958, was also inspired by the Eiffel Tower. On 12 May, a commission was set up to examine Eiffel's scheme and its rivals, which, a month later, decided that all the proposals except Eiffel's were either impractical or lacking in details. In an interview with the newspaper Le Temps published on 14 February 1887, Eiffel said: Is it not true that the very conditions which give strength also conform to the hidden rules of harmony? [25], There was still work to be done, particularly on the lifts and facilities, and the tower was not opened to the public until nine days after the opening of the exposition on 6 May; even then, the lifts had not been completed. [citation needed], Gustave Eiffel engraved on the tower the names of 72 French scientists, engineers and mathematicians in recognition of their contributions to the building of the tower. The daily opening and closing of the exposition were announced by a cannon at the top. Although there is a staircase to the top level, it is usually accessible only by lift. The nearest Paris Métro station is Bir-Hakeim and the nearest RER station is Champ de Mars-Tour Eiffel. The hydraulic pressure in the driving cylinder was produced by a large open reservoir on the second level. During the last three minutes of the year, the lights were turned on starting from the base of the tower and continuing to the top to welcome 2000 with a huge fireworks show. [91][92], The imposition of copyright has been controversial. [23] At the same time the lift in the north pillar was removed and replaced by a staircase to the first level. [52], For its "Countdown to the Year 2000" celebration on 31 December 1999, flashing lights and high-powered searchlights were installed on the tower. [5] Eiffel initially showed little enthusiasm, but he did approve further study, and the two engineers then asked Stephen Sauvestre, the head of company's architectural department, to contribute to the design. The Eiffel Tower was the world's tallest structure when completed in 1889, a distinction it retained until 1929 when the Chrysler Building in New York City was topped out. [19] At this stage, a small "creeper" crane designed to move up the tower was installed in each leg. No French company wanted to undertake the work. [73] In reality, since zoning restrictions limit the height of most buildings in Paris to seven storeys, only a small number of tall buildings have a clear view of the tower. Cloud to the Eiffel Tower and back in less than half an hour. [65] In the years since it was completed, engineers have put forward various mathematical hypotheses in an attempt to explain the success of the design. Fields marked with a “*” are required in order for you to contact us. Robert Moriarty flew a Beechcraft Bonanza under the tower on 31 March 1984. When firemen arrived, he stopped after the sixth jump. [23] Otis were confident they would eventually be given the contract and had already started creating designs. Hackett was arrested by the police. Société d’Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel (SETE) [58], The puddled iron (wrought iron) of the Eiffel Tower weighs 7,300 tons,[59] and the addition of lifts, shops and antennae have brought the total weight to approximately 10,100 tons. [citation needed] The Fives-Lille lifts in the east and west legs, fitted in 1899, were extensively refurbished in 1986. The sete.toureiffel.paris website is owned by: Société d’Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel (SETE) 5, avenue Anatole France 75007 – Paris RCS Paris B … His aircraft became entangled in an aerial belonging to a wireless station. Contate seus executivos por e-mail agora, incluindo Patrick Branco Ruivo The European branch of Otis Brothers & Company submitted a proposal but this was rejected: the fair's charter ruled out the use of any foreign material in the construction of the tower. After being exhausted from the cylinder, the water was pumped back up to the reservoir by two pumps in the machinery room at the base of the south leg. Tickets cost 2 francs for the first level, 3 for the second, and 5 for the top, with half-price admission on Sundays,[27] and by the end of the exhibition there had been 1,896,987 visitors.[3]. Phone : 01 44 11 23 46. [60] As a demonstration of the economy of design, if the 7,300 tons of metal in the structure were melted down, it would fill the square base, 125 metres (410 ft) on each side, to a depth of only 6.25 cm (2.46 in) assuming the density of the metal to be 7.8 tons per cubic metre. The foundations were completed on 30 June, and the erection of the ironwork began. The tower has two restaurants: Le 58 Tour Eiffel on the first level, and Le Jules Verne, a gourmet restaurant with its own lift on the second level. Société d’Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel (SETE) 1 Quai de Grenelle, 75015 Paris. Hôtel de la Tour Eiffel aceita estes cartões e reserva-se o direito de reter um valor temporariamente no seu cartão antes da chegada. Lead weights on some links of the upper or return sections of the chains counterbalanced most of the car's weight. [68], The arrangement of the lifts has been changed several times during the tower's history. Eiffel was to receive all income from the commercial exploitation of the tower during the exhibition and for the next 20 years. [50] In 1987, A.J. Address : [18] The finished components, some already riveted together into sub-assemblies, arrived on horse-drawn carts from a factory in the nearby Parisian suburb of Levallois-Perret and were first bolted together, with the bolts being replaced with rivets as construction progressed. 1 Quai de Grenelle, [26] It was envisioned after discussion about a suitable centrepiece for the proposed 1889 Exposition Universelle, a world's fair to celebrate the centennial of the French Revolution. The org chart of SETE - Société d’Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel - contains its 20 main executives incluindo Patrick Branco Ruivo. The new cars operate in pairs, with one counterbalancing the other, and perform the journey in one stage, reducing the journey time from eight minutes to less than two minutes. Indeed, Garnier was a member of the Tower Commission that had examined the various proposals, and had raised no objection. [75] The tower itself is located at the intersection of the quai Branly and the Pont d'Iéna. [93] SNTE made over €1 million from copyright fees in 2002. [3] In 2015, there were 6.91 million visitors. One lift car was mounted on top of these rams: cables ran from the top of this car up to sheaves on the third level and back down to a second car. I hold that the curvature of the monument's four outer edges, which is as mathematical calculation dictated it should be … will give a great impression of strength and beauty, for it will reveal to the eyes of the observer the boldness of the design as a whole. A promenade 2.6-metre (8 ft 6 in) wide ran around the outside of the first level. Dusk transforms the Eiffel Tower! At 2:35 pm, Eiffel hoisted a large Tricolour to the accompaniment of a 25-gun salute fired at the first level. Well then! [20], The start of the erection of the metalwork, 7 December 1887: Construction of the legs with scaffolding, 20 March 1888: Completion of the first level, 15 May 1888: Start of construction on the second stage, 21 August 1888: Completion of the second level, 26 December 1888: Construction of the upper stage, 15 March 1889: Construction of the cupola, Equipping the tower with adequate and safe passenger lifts was a major concern of the government commission overseeing the Exposition. The visible work on-site was complemented by the enormous amount of exacting preparatory work that took place behind the scenes: the drawing office produced 1,700 general drawings and 3,629 detailed drawings of the 18,038 different parts needed. The motive power was moved from the water hydraulic system to a new electrically driven oil-filled hydraulic system, and the original water hydraulics were retained solely as a counterbalance system. Work carried out in 2000 added a further 5.3 m (17.4 ft), giving the current height of 324 m (1,063 ft). The tower has three levels for visitors, with restaurants on the first and second levels. Welcome to the Eiffel Tower official page! After some debate about the exact location of the tower, a contract was signed on 8 January 1887. [48] A service lift was added to the south pillar for moving small loads and maintenance personnel three years later. Graffitists were also catered for: sheets of paper were mounted on the walls each day for visitors to record their impressions of the tower. [email protected], A website owned by Sociéte d'Exploitation de la tour Eiffel. In 1910, Father Theodor Wulf measured radiant energy at the top and bottom of the tower. These objections were an expression of a long-standing debate in France about the relationship between architecture and engineering. [56] In 2004, the Eiffel Tower began hosting a seasonal ice rink on the first level. La SETE et ses 340 salariés accueillent les 6 millions de visiteurs annuels de la tour Eiffel. [15] Those for the east and south legs were straightforward, with each leg resting on four 2 m (6.6 ft) concrete slabs, one for each of the principal girders of each leg. Its base is square, measuring 125 metres (410 ft) on each side. [79] Starting May 2019, it will be managed by three star chef Frédéric Anton. Eiffel chose this "invocation of science" because of his concern over the artists' protest. Email : communication@toureiffel.paris. [86] This would be more than ten times the cost of the original (nearly 8 million in 1890 Francs; ~US$40 million in 2018 dollars). A symbol of Paris and more generally of France, the Eiffel Tower was built by Gustave Eiffel for the 1889 World’s Fair. And why would something admirable in Egypt become hideous and ridiculous in Paris? Eiffel made use of his apartment at the top of the tower to carry out meteorological observations, and also used the tower to perform experiments on the action of air resistance on falling bodies.[30].